大变位时物体变形测量的相关性恢复方法

本文提出根据白光散斑图像数据模拟刚体位移复位的相关性恢复方法，以解决物体大变位情况下的变形测量问题     

具有多种失效模式的抗震结构的模糊可靠性分析

由于地震荷载和结构抗力具有明显的模糊性,在文献[1,2]中我们提出了具有单一失效模式的抗震结构的模糊可靠性分析.本文将上述概念和方法推广到具有多种失效模式的抗震结构,为此,又提出了结构的“模糊有效域”和“模糊失效域”的概念。     

Strain energy density of a circular cavity buried in semi-infinite functionally graded materials subjected to shear waves

In this paper, based on the theory of multiple scattering of elastic waves, employing wave functions expansion method, multiple scattering and strain energy density in semi-infinite functional graded materials with a circular cavity are investigated, the analytical solution of the problem is derived, and the numerical solution of the strain energy density factors around the cavity is also presented. The effects of the distance between the cavity and the edge of the materials, the wave number and the non-homogeneous parameter of materials on strain energy density factors are analyzed. From analysis, it can be seen that when the non-homogeneous parameter of materials is less than zero, it has less influence on the maximum strain energy density factor around the cavity; however, it has greater influence on the distribution of strain energy density factors around the cavity. When the non-homogeneous parameter of materials is greater than zero, it has greater influence on both the maximum strain energy density factor and the distribution of strain energy density factor around the cavity, especially in the case that the distance between the cavity and the edge is comparatively little.     

Large frequency bands viscoelastic properties of honey

Honey is a viscoelastic material which presents a crystallization phase transition at low temperatures. This phase transition limits the studies of dynamic behavior at high frequencies from the classical rheometry using time–temperature superposition (TTS). In order to characterize the viscoelastic properties of honey at high frequencies, we have developed a multiple ultrasonic reflection device (MUR). The viscoelastic properties of honey were measured by MUR and classical rheometry at high and low frequencies, respectively, between 13.1 and 31.3 °$°$C. Matching both results, we built the master curve over a frequency range covering nine decades, from which we determined the main rheological parameters of honey. Finally, from an inverse approach, we extracted from this master curve, the acoustical parameters for frequencies inaccessible by the ultrasonic methods.     

微电子机械系统中转速测量的光学方法

利用显微测量技术和CCD图像传感器的线性积分成像特性,将数字图像处理技术与时间积分成像技术用于微电子机械系统(MEMS)中的转速测量。只需分别摄取被测物体上的标志点在静止状态下的时间积分图像和运动状态下的时间积分图像,即可测得物体在该段曝光时间内的转速。该方法对实验设备及实验条件要求较宽松。实验表明该方法对微系统中近似匀速转动时转速的测量是完全可行的,且具有较高的精度。     

Plastic surface strain mapping of bent sheets by image correlation

A technique using a single CCD camera, a precision rotation/translation stage, a telecentric zoom lens, and digital image correlation software is described for measuring surface profiles and surface plastic strain distributions of a bent thin sheet. The measurement principles, based on both parallel and pinhole perspective projections, are outlined and the relevant mathematical equations for computing the profiles and displacement fields on a curved surface are presented. The typical optical setup as well as the experimental measurement and digital image correlation analysis procedure are described. The maximum errors in the in-plane and out-of-plane coordinates or displacements are about ±5 and ±25 μm, respectively, and the maximum errors in surface strain mapping are about 0.1% or less based on a series of evaluation tests on flat and curved sample surfaces over a physical field of view of 15.2 × 11.4 mm². As an application example, the shape and surface plastic strain distribution example, the shape and surface plastic strain distributions around a bent apex of a flat 2 mm thick automotive aluminum AA5182-O sheet, which underwent a 90° bend with three bend ratios of 2t, 1t, and 0.6t, are determined using the proposed technique.     

球－盘微动摩擦件磨损体积的测量与计算

一般地说，由于微动磨损量很小，测定非常困难，所得结果的误差通常都相当大．尽管几十年来人们对微动磨损进行了好些研究，然而至今却还没有建立起统一而完善的微动磨损量的测量和计算方法，以至很难对试验结果进行定量比较．因此，根据ＳＲＶ微动磨损试验机的工作原理，利用几何和数学分析手段提出了一种能够比较精确地测量和计算球－盘接触型微动摩擦件磨损量的方法，并且利用不同的模型对计算方法进行简化，从而得出了球和盘的磨损体积计算公式。只要借助轮廓仪和读数显微镜测量出有关参数，就可以比较精确地计算出球和盘的微动磨损体积，为了验证这种计算方法的实用性和可靠性，还进行了５２１００钢对不同含钨量的Ｎｉ－Ｗ合金镀层的ＳＲＶ微动磨损试验，测量结果与计算结果具有较好的一致性，由此可见，根据所提计算方法得到的计算结果，不仅可以增强ＳＲＶ试验机测试结果的可比性，也为利用这种试验机深入开展微动磨损研究提供了参照依据。     

弱正交异性材料残余应力测量的声弹性方法

为了适应工程材料的残余应力无损测量的要求,本文将横波和纵波声弹性相结合,建立适用於弱正交异性材料的平面声弹性残余应力测量方法,并应用该方法及自行研制的横波换能器对焊接试件的二维残余应力进行了测试。     

反射焦散线实验中斜入射光对应力强度因子测试精度的影响

本文用空间解析几何方法,推导了在一般非平行斜入射光条件下,裂纹体表面所形成的反射焦散线和初始曲线的方程.分析了倾斜入射光造成的焦散线畸变,给出了这种畸变造成的裂端应力强度因子测量误差的解析表达式.     

Direct interferometric measurement of streaming birefringence

The two refractive indices in the flow of a colloidal birefringent liquid are measured separately by means of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. For a quantitative evaluation of the resulting interferograms it is not necessary to linearize the respective equations relating the refractive index distribution to the deformation velocity in the flow. Therefore it becomes possible to perform velocity measurements in the non-Newtonian flow range. An additional measurement of the mean flow rate enables one to determine the velocity field without the need of a calibration of the observed interference fringes.